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Afro-Bahian History and Culture Reading Resource List

Resources in English

Journal Articles

  • Afro-Brazilian citizenship and the politics of history, by Sean T. Mitchell, (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/17528631.2016.1189765) 
  • The role of culture in Brazil’s Unified Black Movement, Bahia in 1992, by David Covin (https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002193479602700103) 
  • Afro-Bahian carnival: A stage for protest, by Christopher Dunn (https://www.jstor.org/stable/41417220) 
  • Olodum da Bahia: A history of cultural inclusion, by Ruy José Braga Duarte  (https://journals.openedition.org/factsreports/1352) 
  • Religion and black cultural identity: Roman catholics, Afro-Brazilians, and Neopentacostalism, by Vagner Gonçalves da Silva  (http://www.scielo.br/pdf/vb/v11n2/a08v11n2.pdf) 
  • Resistance and citizenship in the songs of Ilê Aiyê and Olodum, by Antonio Luciano Tosta (https://www.jstor.org/stable/41349348?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents) 

Books

  • African-Brazilian Culture and Regional Identity in Bahia, Brazil, by Scott Ickes
  • Slave Rebellion in Brazil: The Muslim Uprising of 1835 in Bahia, by João José Reis
  • Axé Bahia: The Power of Art in an Afro-Brazilian Metropolis, by Patrick A. Polk, Roberto Conduru, Sabrina Gledhill, Randal Johnson
  • Brazil’s New Racial Politics, edited by Bernd Reiter and Gladys L. Mitchell
  • Capoeira: The History of an Afro-Brazilian Martial Art, by Matthias Röhrig Assunção
  • Brazilian Popular Music and Globalisation, by Charles A. Perrone & Christopher Dunn
  • Brazil, Mixture or Massacre?: Essays of a Genocide of a Black People, by Abdias do Nascimento
  • Afro-Politics and Civil Society in Salvador da Bahia, Brazil, by Kwame Dixon
  • The Masters and the Slaves: A study in the development of Brazilian civilization, by Gilberto Freyre

Fiction Novels

  • Cacao, by Jorge Amado
  • The War of the Saints, by Jorge Amado
  • Tent of Miracles, by Jorge Amado

Blogs

  • Batala Washington Afro-Bahian Culture Blog http://www.batalawashington.com/bahian-culture/
  • Black Women of Brazil (https://blackwomenofbrazil.co/)
  • Candomblé USA (https://candombleusa.wordpress.com/) 
  • Candomblé (http://jonhardeman.wixsite.com/teaching/candomble) 

Website articles

  • Africa in Brazil: How Ilê Aiyê Brought Blackness to Salvador’s Carnival (https://www.okayafrica.com/how-ile-aiye-changed-salvadors-carnival-forever-and-uplifted-black-people-in-brazil/) 
  • Samba and Misogynoir: Will 2018 Be the Last Year of Blackface in Brazil’s Carnival? (https://theglowup.theroot.com/samba-misogynoir-will-2018-be-the-last-year-of-black-1822964862) 
  • Afro-Brazilian History, Beats, and Culture (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/lauri-lyons/afro-brazilian-history-be_b_452877.html) 
  • They Told The Women of Bahia They Couldn’t Drum. Try Telling That to Banda Didá (https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/30/travel/brazil-all-female-drums-bahia-banda-dida.html) 

Films

  • Yemanjá: Wisdom from the African Heart of Brazil (http://www.yemanjathefilm.com/) 
  • Rhythmic Uprising (http://www.rhythmicuprising.org/) 
  • Ebony Goddess: Queen of Îlé Aiyé (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQJ3z4nudtA) 
  • Salvador Dawning 
  • Festive Land: Carnaval in Bahia (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0382693/plotsummary?ref_=kw_pl) 
  • Ilê Aiyê (The House of Life) (https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0002MFG3W) 
  • Black in Latin America: Brazil, A Racial Paradise? (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gh7c46U5hhY) 
  • The Summer of Gods (http://www.thesummerofgods.com/) 
  • The Loudest Show On Earth (https://vimeo.com/76980265) 

Radio Podcasts 

  • Interfaith Voices – God & Government: Brazil Beyond Catholicism (featuring Batalá Washington in final segment at 34:45) (http://interfaithradio.org/Archive/2018-September/God_and_Government__Brazil_beyond_Catholicism) 

Recursos em Português

Artigos de Jornal

  • Da África ao Afro: Uso e abuso da África entre os intelectuais e na cultura popular Brasileira durante o século XX, por Livio Sansone (https://rigs.ufba.br/index.php/afroasia/article/viewFile/21038/13637) 
  • Referências sociais das religiões Afro-Brasileiras: sincretismo, branqueamento, africanizacão, por Reginaldo Prandi (http://www.scielo.br/pdf/ha/v4n8/0104-7183-ha-4-8-0151.pdf) 
  • Religiosidade, rebelião, e identidade afro-baiana (http://www.historia.uff.br/tempo/entrevistas/entres11-2.pdf) 

Livros

  • Genocídio do negro brasileiro: Processo de um Racismo Mascarado, por Abdias do Nascimento
  • A Trama dos Tambores: a musica afro-pop de Salvador, por Goli Guerreiro
  • Casa Grande & Senzala, por Gilberto Freyre

Romances de Ficção

  • Cacau, por Jorge Amado
  • O Sumiço da Santa, por Jorge Amado
  • Tenda dos Milagres, por Jorge Amado

Blogues

  • Mundo Afro (http://mundoafro.atarde.uol.com.br/) 
  • Portal da Cultura Afro-Brasileira (https://www.faecpr.edu.br/site/portal_afro_brasileira/3_III.php) 
  • Geledes Instituto da Mulher Negra (https://www.geledes.org.br/) 

Artigos do site

  • Dia da Consciência Negra: História de Contribuição (https://jornalibia.com.br/montenegro/dia-da-consciencia-negra-historia-de-contribuicao/) 
  • Raízes do Carnaval: A gema carioca é afro-baiana (http://www.pordentrodaafrica.com/cultura/a-gema-carioca-e-afro-baiana) 
  • 5 blocos afro que mostram a forca da cultura negra do carnaval (https://www.huffpostbrasil.com/2017/02/24/5-blocos-afro-que-mostram-a-forca-da-cultura-negra-no-carnaval_a_21721328/) 
  • 10 mulheres negras que fazem a diferença na Bahia (https://www.geledes.org.br/10-mulheres-negras-que-fazem-a-diferenca-na-bahia/) 
  • A RESISTÊNCIA E A BELEZA DOS BLOCOS AFRO (2012)
  • (http://www.elcabong.com.br/musica-afro-a-resistencia-e-a-beleza/) 
  • O feminismo negro: entrevista com Djamila Ribeiro (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0k1mh7N8Caw) 

Filmes

  • Samba-Reggae: A Arma é Musical Parte 1 (https://youtu.be/3olgEc74LfM) 
  • Samba-Reggae: A Arma é Musical Parte 2 (https://youtu.be/C11zDd4VJWQ) 
  • Samba-Reggae: A Arma é Musical Parte 3 (https://youtu.be/kIntkHiEkTk) 
  • Ebony Goddess: Queen of Îlé Aiyé (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQJ3z4nudtA) 
  • Iemanjá : Sabedoria ecológica do coração do Brasil (http://www.yemanjathefilm.com/)
  • O Tempo dos Orixás (http://www.thesummerofgods.com/filme/) 
  • Ilê Aiyê (https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0002MFG3W) 
  • Insurreição Rítmica (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1331101/?ref_=kw_li_tt)

Music / Música

  • Oriki: Chants et Rhythmes du Candomblé [Songs and Rhythms of Candomblé] (CD) – https://www.amazon.com/Oriki-Chants-danses-du-Candomble/dp/B0041BBYOA / https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=OLAK5uy_mteOnMwPjP5Ehv5wWLQf0vPN1ypwIFAL8 
  • Batala Mundo Discography (https://www.mundobatala.com/en/discography) 

Afro-Bloco / Bloco-Afro Videos

  • Cortejo Afro (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V0O9n5UF4eA | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=awy6IqLoouw)
  • Olodum (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1HbP42bDwJE)
  • Ilê Ayê (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w6yayr0WHA4 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I4auE-7YzhE)
  • Malê Debalê (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WTgV6yZkLyw&t=115s)
  • Muzenza (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EXrlx8LSfkQ&list=PL8C3633DA45EB0E4A&index=6)
  • Didá (https://youtu.be/09NqOo84MkA) 

Names to Know of Afro-Bahian Samba-Reggae Movement / 

Nomes para Saber do Movimento Samba-Reggae Afro-Baiano 

 

  • Giba Gonçalves [Batalá Mundo] (https://www.mundobatala.com/en/batala-en/giba-goncalves) 
  • Neguinho da Samba (http://www.carnaval.com/drum/neguinho/) 
  • Carlinhos Brown (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlinhos_Brown) 
  • Alberto Pitta (http://www.cortejoafro.com.br/alberto-pitta/) 
  • Ilê Ayê (http://www.ileaiyeoficial.com/) 
  • Olodum (http://www.narin.com/olodum/) 
  • Timbalada (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timbalada) 
  • Ara Ketu (https://www.allmusic.com/artist/ara-ketu-mn0000595035 | https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ara_Ketu) 
  • Muzenza (https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRC_Muzenza) 
  • Malê Debalê (http://www.maledebale.com.br/o-bloco/) 
  • Cortejo Afro (http://www.cortejoafro.com.br/) 
  • Filhos de Gandhy (http://filhosdegandhy.com.br/) 
  • Margareth Menezes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margareth_Menezes | https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margareth_Menezes) 
  • Daniela Mercury (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniela_Mercury) 
  • Didá Banda Feminina (http://www.dida-salvador.com/english.html | http://www.dida-salvador.com) 
  • Gerônimo Santana (https://geronimocantor.com/) 
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Dia da Consciência Negra (Black Consciousness Day)

November 20 is known as Dia da Consciência Negra (Day of Black Consciousness or Black Awareness Day) in Brazil. On this day, Brazilians recognize the efforts towards equality of the Movimento Negro (Black Movement) and celebrate black resistance and liberation by honoring Zumbi dos Palmares, a national hero.

Zumbi dos Palmares was a warrior and leader of anti-slavery resistance. Zumbi was born in 1655 in one of the quilombo settlements of Palmares in Pernambuco, Brazil. He was captured as a boy by soldiers and given to Father Antonio Melo who baptized him with the name ‘Francisco”. At the age of fifteen, Zumbi escaped and returned to the Palmares where he became one of the community’s most famous leaders and their last.

Also called Angola Janga (Angola Small) by those that lived there, Palmares was established as a shelter not only blacks, but also of poor whites, Indians and mestizos extorted by the colonizer. Palmares was like the Promised Land, and Zumbi, was regarded as eternal and immortal, and was recognized as a loyal and brave protector.

Zumbi was an extraordinary and talented military leader along with his wife, Dandara, who was also a fighter and defender of anti-slavery liberation in her own right, and leader of the female arm of the Palmares army, while helping to take care of sick children, the elderly, those injured by slavemasters. In 1694, a Portuguese army of 9,000 men began an undertaking that would lead to defeat Macaco, the main town of Palmares. Zumbi was found killed on November 20, 1695.

For years, Palmares was defended by Zumbi and Dandara against the military expeditions which intended to bring runaway slaves back into slavery. The Day of Black Consciousness is celebrated on November 20 in Brazil and is dedicated to reflection on the inclusion of blacks in Brazilian society. The date was chosen to coincide with the day of the death of Zumbi dos Palmares, in 1695.

Paintings depicting Zumbi and wife Dandara of Palmares

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November – The Month of Black Consciousness

In November, Bahians will embark upon a month of recognition of Black history and cultural awareness. Much like Black History Month is celebrated in the month of February in the U.S., November is considered Black Consciousness Month in the state of Bahia in Brazil. November 20 is also known as Dia da Consciência Negra (Black Consciousness Day) and is celebrated as a holiday in many cities across Brazil as a reflection on the legacy of resistance to slavery and the fight for social and political justice. Activities are planned all throughout the month in order to bring awareness of Black history and the contributions of Afro-Brazilians to society as well as pride in African ancestry, identity, and heritage. Advocates of the Black Movement hope this month-long recognition will also raise awareness of the continuing struggle for Afro-Brazilians as they fight for equality in the workplace, media, education, and justice system.

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NELSON MACA: Poet, Activist, and Academic

Born in the city of Parana Telemaco Borba, 249 kilometers from Curitiba, Nelson Maca, 47, has expressed the ideas of the black movement for 13 years. At 22, he moved to Salvador in search of a black Bahia and to study at Universidade Federal da Bahia (Ufba). Today, a literature professor at Universidade Católica do Salvador (UCSAL), his work is influenced by artists ranging from rappers such as Mano Brown and Thaíde, to writers like Lima Barreto and Richard Wright. His philosophy draws on the existentialism of Jean-Paul Sartre and the post-colonialism of Frantz Fanon. But it’s not in the academics where he is known, but in social activism.
 “I’m not a teacher who came to head the university. I am a teacher of the university as much as I am of the street.“
A member of the poesía preta (black poetry) movement and political art group Coletivo Blackitude, created 14 years ago, he shakes the black consciousness of Salvador every Wednesday at Sarau Bem Black, at Sankofa African Bar in Pelourinho. Over the past four years, the sarau has received literary names such as Cuti, alias Luiz Silva, and Conceição Evaristo, and music, such as Ellen Oléria and rappers GOG  and MC Marshal. Maca talks a lot about racism, literature, and social activism.
Source: http://atarde.uol.com.br/muito/noticias/1523077-nelson-maca-sou-um-poeta-da-literatura-negra
 
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Hey DC! We’ve got a busy weekend ahead and we’ Hey DC! We’ve got a busy weekend ahead and we’re so excited for it! Join us for any or all of our performances! Saturday 12p: Afro-Atlantic Histories Festival @ngadc 3:30p: Mt Pleasant family show @dcpl Sunday 5pm: Season Opener halftime show @washingtonspirit
Hi friends! Be sure to catch us at our next show w Hi friends! Be sure to catch us at our next show when we play at the Afro-Atlantic Histories Festival @ngadc National Gallery of Art on April 30th at 12pm.
Also, check out this great exhibition that opens tomorrow. 
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Another @runrocknroll in the books! Congrats to al Another @runrocknroll in the books! Congrats to all the runners! Also, shout out to all the race staff, volunteers, and city employees that make it all happen! 👟🥁 #batalahey
International Women’s Day - Celebrated annually International Women’s Day - Celebrated annually on March 8. Is a day that commemorates the social, political and economic achievements of women. Women in different parts of the world use this day to come together to celebrate one another and rally for equal treatment and representation. Batala Hey to all the wonderful women of the world! 🎉❤️💃🏽🎶🥁
#batalahey #womeninmusic #womendrummers #internationalwomensday
We had a fabulous time celebrating Mardi Gras yest We had a fabulous time celebrating Mardi Gras yesterday with everyone that came out to @thewharfdc for the parade! #mardigras #bataláhey ⚜️💚💜❤️🥁 

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Looking for something fun to do this coming Saturd Looking for something fun to do this coming Saturday? Batalá Washington will be participating at this year’s Mardi Grass Parade at The Wharf. Festivities start at 3pm. February 26 at 3pm. Hope to see you there! 

#mardigrassdc #washingtondc #thewharfdc
Happy Black History Month from Batalá Washington! Happy Black History Month from Batalá Washington!
Batalá Washington’s mission is to empower women through music and drumming and to expose our DC community to the Afro-Brazilian, most specifically to the Afro-Bahian, music and culture. We celebrate and honor all the Afro-Brazilian artists and musicians who inspire us every day.
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HAPPY NEW YEAR 2022 to our Batala DC Familia. Wish HAPPY NEW YEAR 2022 to our Batala DC Familia. Wishing the new year brings much happiness, health and samba reggae and funk beats to all. Feliz Ano Novo. Batala Hey!.
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We had an amazing (& chilly) morning playing for a We had an amazing (& chilly) morning playing for all the runners of the @runrocknroll half marathon! Thanks to all the runners, staff, volunteers, first responders and crowd for a great race! 👟🥁
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